2018高级会计师《职称英语》基础班：概括大意与完成句子

1.Paragraph 2_________

2.Paragraph 3_________

3.Paragraph 4_________

4.Paragraph 5_________

A. The Wide Use of English(英语的广泛使用)

B. Historical Account of English and Its Community(英语和英语群体的历史)

C. The Advantages of Learning a Second Language(学习第二语言的好处)

D. The Composition of the English Community(英语群体的组成)

E. The Threat That English Poses to Other Languages(英语对其他语言形成的威胁)

F. The Definition of a Speech Community(语言群体的定义)

1.There is no denying that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England.

Their languages became more and more similar to each other. Finally, the language had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.

毫无疑问英语是一种有用的语言。现在说英语的人构成了除了说汉语者之外大的语言群体。初他们是从北欧定居英格兰的一些小部落。他们的语言变得越来越相似。终，这种语言具有了足够的统一性，致使所有在英格兰居住的人都能使用。人们由于共享同一种语言组成一个语言群体。

2.A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities. The people who make up the community share a common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country.

National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.

一个语言群体和其他类型的群体相似。构成这个群体的人共同使用一种语言。通常他们彼此相邻，就像四邻、一个村庄或城市那样。通常他们组成一个国家。然而国界并不一定是一种语言群体的分界线。一个语言群体是讲同一种语言的人群，无论他们住在哪里。

【解析】此段解释何为语言群体，后一句可以看作是对语言群体的定义。

【答案】F. The Definition of a Speech Community

3.We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community. For convenience，we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language，the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.

我们可以说讲英语的人都属于英语语言群体。为了方便起见，我们可以把说英语的人分为两类：第一类中的讲话者把英语作为他的母语，另一类中讲话者因为教育、商业等目的把英语作为第二语言来学。

【解析】该段是讲英语语言群体包含的人群及其划分。

【答案】D. The Composition of the English Community

4. English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language.

English has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy. Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English.

对世界上许多在国际交往中把英语作为第二语言的国家来说，英语是在公共活动的几个领域中可供选用的语言之一。英语被用作空中交通、商业和国际外交的语言。而且，英语是世界上大部分出版物所用的语言，因此教育开始严重地依赖对英语的理解。

【解析】此段讲述英语在全世界许多领域被广泛应用，如航空、商务、外交、教育等。

【答案】A. The Wide Use of English

5.Learning a second language extends one’s vision and expands the mind. The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culture;a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel. Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.

学习第二语言能开阔人的眼界和拓宽人的思维。第二语言记载的历史和文学记述了一个民族真实和虚构的生活和文化;了解它们能够提高我们的理解力，并且像他们那样去感受。把英语作为第二外语来学习可以提供另一种交流途径，通过这个途径整个英语语言群体的窗口就成为我们的文化遗产的一部分。

【解析】该段是讲学习第二语言的益处。

【答案】C. The Advantages of Learning a Second Language

二、完成句子

5. Only through the shared language____.

A. that of a speech community

B. can a speech community be formed

C. in order to learn English better

D. for the sake of simplicity

E. has played an important role in the field of education

F. is widely used in several areas of public activity

【解析】Only开头引导的倒装句，主句的动词要提前。

【出处】第一段

Finally, the language had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.

【答案】B

6.The idea of the national boundaries is often different from_______.

A. that of a speech community

B. can a speech community be formed

C. in order to learn English better

D. for the sake of simplicity

E. has played an important role in the field of education

F. is widely used in several areas of public activity

【解析】考题后一个单词是介词，那么要求选项第一个词应该是名词或代词，符合语法条件的只有A。

【出处】第二段