学好英语,语法是一定要熟练掌握的。冲刺阶段,不管是阅读翻译还是写作都要把握好语法句式。新东方网给大家详解9考研英语九大代词语法,我们一起来巩固巩固:
指示代词
(一)this,that和these,those
指示代词this和that的复数形式分别为these和those,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语,this和these表示较近的空间或时间,that和those表示较远的空间和时间。
例句: In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women pursuing this field is climbing.
分析: 该句是并列句。
译文: 过去林业工人多半是男人,可如今从事这一行业的妇女人数在增加。
例句: We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. (2004年第62题)
分析: 该句是复合句,主句为We are obliged to them。because引导一个状语从句,定语从句who spoke them修饰the peoples,as引导的句子可以看做插入语,补充说明 some of these languages have since vanished的原因。
译文: 我们之所以感激他们(两位先驱),是因为在此以后,这些语言中有一些已经不复存在了,这是由于使用这些语言的民族或是消亡了,或是被同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。
(二)指示代词that和those也可用于比较结构,表示前面提到的东西,避免重复
例句: The number of registered participants in this year's marathon was half that of last year's. (1996年第7题)
分析: 该句是简单句,本句的主语是单数名词number,因此后面指代它的代词只能是单数that,谓语用单数。
译文: 今年登记参加马拉松赛跑的人数是去年的一半。
例句: His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. (2006年第47题)
分析: 该句是复合句,主句为His function is analogous to that of a judge。定语从句who must accept...修饰a judge,介词短语in as obvious a matter as possible作状语,用来说明reveal的方式,另一个定语从句which led him to his decision修饰the course of reasoning。
译文: 他的职责与法官相似,必须承担这样的责任: 用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己作出决定的推理过程。
例句: These bunches of flowers are more beautiful than those we bought yesterday.
译文: 这些束花比昨天我们买的那些花漂亮多了。
(三)指示代词such在句中作主语、表语和定语
例句: Such is what you want me to do.
Such are the meanings of authentic love.
(such作表语时,往往置于句首)
注意: such用作定语时和副词so的区别在前面副词一节中已提到。
(四)指示代词same的用法
在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,其前与定冠词the连用。
例句: Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements — usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes nitrogen. (选自1996年Cloze Test)
分析: 该句是复合句。
译文: 因为是由同样的元素构成——通常是碳、氢、氧,有时还有氮,所以各种维生素都很相似。
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