2019考研英语结构翻译技巧:分割结构

　　翻译是英语的难点之一，得分率不高，很多同学表示翻译太难伤不起，其实，英汉之间的互译的确受很多因素影响，有难度是必然的，但是掌握一定的方法技巧，提升得分率并不难。冲刺复习阶段，新东方网跟大家分享一些实用的翻译技巧，希望考生能够学以致用：

　　语法关系密切的两个句子成分被其他句子成分分隔的现象称为分割结构。英语中，分割结构的类型是多种多样的。例如，英语句子的主语和谓语一般都紧密相联，它们之间很少插入介词等比较长的结构。但是，在有些情况下，或是为了保持句子的平衡，避免头重脚轻，或是为了语义严密，结构紧凑，在主语和谓语之间有时也会插入其他成分。此外，还有定语(或定语从句)与其中心词被分隔;某些词语与其所要求的介词被分隔;动词与其宾语被分隔;介词与其宾语被分隔等等。总之，英语的分割应遵循尾重原则(应把长而复杂的成分放在句末，使结构匀称)和句尾信息焦点原则(把新信息，即语意重点放在句末)。同时，在阅读时要注意找出原来属于一个整体部分的意义。

　　1. Most novelists and historians writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all, fell under Turner’s spell.

　　分析：本句的主干结构是：Most novelists and historians…fell under Turner’s spell. Turner 是美国历史学家。under a spell：被迷住，着迷。writing in the early to mid-twentieth century who considered women in the West, when they considered women at all 修饰主语，起分割主谓的作用。而其中的状语从句when they considered women at all 是定语从句who considered women in the West中的状语成分。

　　译文：从本世纪初到本世纪中叶从事写作的小说家和历史学家只要描写妇女，就会描述西部妇女，而且都被特纳迷住。

　　2. In the last eight years there were difficult, almost non-stop negotiations and reported threats of failure, ultimately overcome by a combination of creative compromise and stubborn determination—indeed, some call it unprecedented determination—to succeed.

　　分析：本句的主干结构是：…there were negotiations and…threats of failure。“overcome by…”是过去分词短语，修饰 threats of failure。stubborn determination 和其定语动词不定式“to succeed”被“indeed, some call it unprecedented determination”分割。

　　译文：在后的八年里，进行了艰苦卓绝的、几乎是不间断的谈判，其间屡经失败之虞，但终通过创造性的协调和要取得成功的顽强决心——确实有人称之为前所未有的决心——而渡过难关，取得了胜利。

　　3. Abraham Lincoln is the most famous instance of the claim that Americans often made that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position.

　　分析：the claim 和其同位语 that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position 被 the claim 的定语从句that Americans often made 分割。同位语从句在翻译时可按照顺序翻译，将其翻译为分句。

　　4. The discovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem, in trying to solve which all previous investigations, of both bourgeois economists and social critics, had been groping in the dark.

　　分析：in trying to solve插在 the problem 和定语从句which…之间，起到承上启下的作用。of both bourgeois economists and social critics为investigations 的后置定语，起到分割作用。

　　译文：由于剩余价值的发现，使问题明朗化了。而先前，无论资产阶级经济学家还是社会批评家所从事的一切研究都只是在黑暗中摸索。

　　5. A better knowledge of China’s civilization would lay open to us an empire of learning, hitherto fabulously described.

　　分析：lay open 和 an empire of learning 被介词短语 to us 分割。本句选自英国前首相撒切尔夫人1982年在中国欢迎宴会上的讲话。翻译时要注意转译的应用。如把“better”译为副词“更好地”。

　　译文：更好地了解中国的文明，将为我们打开一个知识的王国，对这个王国迄今只有神话般的描述。

　　6. It is the insistence, as a first consideration, upon the interdependence of the various elements in, and parts of, the United States—a recognition of the old and permanently important manifestation of the American spirit of the pioneer.

　　分析：insistence 后接upon the interdependence of the various elements in, and parts of, the United States, 中间被插入语as a first consideration 分割，做进一步说明。该句选自美国前总统罗斯福在1933年的就职演说。汉语中动词用得较多，翻译时可把名词转译为动词。