今天我们主要学习一下从句作主语,也就是主语从句的形式。首先我们来看一个句子:
Whether they would support us was a problem.这句话是主语 Whether they would support us就是一个从句,谓语是was,表语是 a problem。这是一个主系表结构的句子。
这句话的主语比系动词和表语加起来还要长,使整个句子变得头重脚轻,所以我们可以用形式主语 it来把这个句子改造一下,变成:It was a problem whether they would support us.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。在主语从句中,形式主语 it和真正的主语的地位是相当的,大家可以把it理解成为一个占位词,就好像我们去图书馆学习,需要用书本或者书包去占位一样。书本或者书包是代替你去占图书馆的位子的,在主语从句中,形式主语 it就是在帮助主语从句占住主语的位置,让主语从句这种比较长的句子成分可以放在句子的后面,从而达到句子的平衡。
在主语从句中,能够担任引导词的通常有 that, whether, what, whatever等等。比如: What we lack is experience.我们缺少的是经验。
下面给大家一些句子,大家可以练习画出主语从句部分。
1)That he didn't come was a pity.
2)It is important that he should know about this.
3)It's unfair that so many people should lose their jobs.
4)That they would refuse to sign the petition required great courage.
5)What you want has been sent here.
6)Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather.
内容小结
下面我们来小结一下,在词汇学习部分,今天我们主要学习了前缀 contra-,counter-和 de-组成的单词:
contradict,contrary,contravene,counterpart,counteract,counter-clockwise,decode,deforest,defame,destruction,decompose,decentralise
在语法学习部分,我们扩展学习了主语从句。主语从句中经常要用到形式主语 it,it在主语从句中起到占位的作用,真正的主语放在句子后面,使句子达到一种平衡。