2020年上半年英语六级阅读精华精辟3篇
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【篇一】2020年上半年英语六级阅读精华精辟3篇
In the United States, where“ casualness”is considered a great virtue, people often sit with feet on chairs or even desks. They sometimes sit with their backsides ( buttocks) on tables and desks as a way of expressing their individuality or career attitude. They feel comfortable crossing their legs and sitting with one ankle on the other knee . Poor posture — slumping oneself over while sitting in a chair and placing feet on whatever object is around — is a co妹妹on U. S. behavior. It is designed to show that the person is casual, honest, sincere, and“ just one of the folks ”. In the United States, even millionaires, corporation presidents, government leaders, and movie stars try to pretend they are ordinary people by using“the U. S. slouch ”and“ the feet-on-the -furniture”maneuver.
Unfortunately, other countries interpret this behavior as being sloppy and as reflecting a general lack of alertness, interest, and respect. People from the United States do not usually realize that what they regard as casualness is viewed very differently and very negatively by many people around the world.
People in many cultures are expected to sit erect. Such cultures include many countriesin Latin America, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. In the United States, slouching is acceptable and is a positive sign of being casual and friendly. In the United States, crossing legs is a sign of good etiquette . Many cultures say thatcrossing legs is okay, but placing the ankle on the knee while crossing one’s legs is totally unacceptable .
One reason for not putting the ankle on the knee is that when you do so, one foot or the sole of the shoe is usually pointing at someone . This is a very severe insult in many countries around the world, especially Muslim countries. Under few circumstances should you point your foot at anyone , because the foot is cons idered the least sacred part of the body in many societies. In some countries such as Nepal, pointing the foot at a cow is an outrage , because the cow is a sacred animal. In Buddhist countries, pointing the foot at statue of the Buddha is a severe offense. Moving objects with the feet is very rude in Thailand, Nepal, and Taiwan. In Bangladesh, you should not touch books with a foot or shoe; if you do, you must make an elaborate apology.
As you can tell, posture is a very strong messenger. It conveys much about a particu lar person. Posture ( in many cultures) says something about the person’s honesty, alertness, intelligence, religiousness, respect, and overall decency — or the opposite of all of these ! Posture tells people whether they want to get to know a stranger, and it also tells what to think about the people already known.
阅读自测
Translate the sentences into English with the words in parentheses :
1. 这座留念碑是为内战中就义的义士们而建立的。( erect)
2. 我但愿他没有由于我回绝他的约请而认为遭到了凌辱。( insult)
3. 他把我的缄默沉静看做是脆弱的标记。( interpret)
参考答案解析
1. This monument was erected in honour of the martyrs during the civil war.
2. I hope he won’t feel insulted if I turn down his invitation.
3. He interpreted my silence as a sign of weakness.
参考译文
身体姿态会语言
在 美国, 人们坐着的时候经常把双脚放在椅子乃至桌子上, 在那边“ 不顾外表”被以为是一种优秀品行。偶然, 他们坐在工作台或办公桌上, 以此来表达考生自己的特性或职业立场。美国人坐着的时候常会两腿交织, 他们认为将一只脚踝放到另外一条腿的膝盖上很惬意。懒惰地坐在椅子上, 并将双脚随意搁在近旁的一个东西上——— 这类姿态很不雅, 但在美国相称遍及。人们摆出这类姿态旨在讲明考生自己的随便、老实和朴拙, 告诉他人考生自己是“ 一个着实人”。在美国, 纵然是百万财主、公司总裁、国家指挥以及影戏明星都会做出“ 美国式的懒惰模样”和“ 脚放在家具上”的姿态, 借这类方法来体现考生自己也是一个普通人。可怜的是, 在其他国家里, 这类行为方法被视为肮脏随意, 反应了摆出这类姿态的人缺少生机、兴味以及对别人的尊重。美国人常常认识不到, 他们视为不顾外表的姿态活着界上很多人的眼里却具备一模一样的、乃至非常悲观的意思。很多文明以为人坐着的时候要腰板挺直。持有这类看法的国家包含拉丁美洲、亚洲、欧洲和中东的很多国家; 而在美国, 懒惰的姿态是可以承受的, 是随便和敌对的确定标记。在美国, 交织双腿是有规矩的标记, 而很多文明以为, 交织双腿是可以的, 但在交织双腿的时候将脚踝放到膝盖上是使人没法承受的。无法将脚踝放到膝盖上的一个缘故原由是, 当你如此做的时候, 你的脚或鞋底凡是是指向他人的。在很多国家里, 这类行为被视为是对他人的一种极大的凌辱, 特殊在穆斯林国家里更是云云。你不该将脚趾向任何人, 由于在很多社会里, 脚被视为身体中不崇高的一个 部位。在尼泊尔如此的国家里, 将脚趾向一头牛是一种暴行, 由于牛在那边被视为圣物。
在释教国家里, 将脚趾向佛祖的泥像是对释教的极大冲犯。在泰国、尼泊尔和台湾, 用脚挪动物体是卤莽的行为。在孟加拉国, 你无法用脚或鞋打仗册本。若是如此做了, 你必需要仔细致歉。
如你所知, 身体姿态能流传许多信息。在很多文明里, 姿态可以告诉人们一自己个人具备以下品质——— 老实、机警、智慧、信仰宗教、文质彬彬、小气得体; 姿态也能够让人们了解这自己个人根本不具有这些美德! 身体姿态告诉人们一自己个人是不是想跟生疏人来往, 异样也让人们了解了一个已经熟悉的人。
阅读导评
中国人讲求身形之美, 对身体姿态的要求是“ 行如风, 立如松, 坐如钟, 卧如弓”; 而某些东方人对姿态就没有这么高的要求, 但咱们无法所以而褒扬对方, 由于身体姿态只不外是自己个人情绪或心情的流露, 或反应了这自己个人的文明、民族性、乃至宗教崇奉。在全世界化这个大环境下, 每一个人都应具备容纳和明白的心态。
阅读导释
1. 该短语译为“一个着实人”。它源自短语just folks ( 朴素无华的人们, 忠实人) 。
2. 很多文明以为人坐着的时候要腰板挺直。erect a. 竖立的, 蜿蜒的。erect 也能够作动词用, 意为“ 竖起, 竖立”, 如: erect a tent ( 支起一个帐篷) 。
3. 将脚趾向一头牛是一种暴行。同印度人同样, 信仰印度教( Hinduism) 的尼泊尔人尊牛为圣, 虔敬地无疑母牛( cow) 是神的化身, 称其为“ 圣牛”( sacred cow) 。牛照旧尼泊尔法定的“国兽”。印度教教规规章制度要求, 不得宰杀母牛, 禁食牛肉, 纵然是老弱病残的牛, 也要让它们“安享暮年”。印度每一年还要举行一次浩大的“ 敬牛节”, 来透露对牛的保护和崇敬。
【篇二】2020年上半年英语六级阅读精华精辟3篇
the degree to which a bowing or lowering of the body is emphasized varies from one culture to another . in many cultures today the full bow or other dramatic lowering of the body is generally reserved for formal occasions such as greeting a head of state or monarch. for example, british co妹妹oners standing before the queen or being honored by royalty in a ceremony of knighthood would be expected to bow, curtsey, or kneel. as part of their religious practices some christians kneel, catholics genuflect, and muslims kowtow3 , an extreme form of body lowering in which the forehead is brought to the ground. although bowing, as a worldwide phenomenon, has been on the decrease in recent decades, it has survived in german culture and exists to an even greater degree in modern japan, where bows are an integral part of everyday social interaction . in the united states, however, bowing or any type of submissive body posture is particularly irritating, for it tends to connote undue formality, aristocracy, and a nonverbal denial of egalitarianism. nowhere is bowing more important to the process of co妹妹unication today than in japanese society. as an indication of how pervasive bowing is in present-day japan, some experts point out that“ some female department store employees have the sole function of bowing to customers at department store escalators and that many japanese bow repeatedly to invisible partners at the other end of a telephone line”. bowing initiates interaction between two japanese , it enhances and embellishes many parts of the ensuing conversation, and it is used to signal the end of a conversation. although westerners, in a very general sense, understand the meaning attached to bowing, appropriate bowing in japan is an intricate and complex process. reciprocal bowing is determined largely by rank. in fact, it is possible to tell the relative social status of the two co妹妹unicators by the depth of their bows ( the deeper the bow, the lower the status) . when bowing deeply, it is conventional to lean slightly to the right to avoid bumping heads. the person of lower status is expected to initiate the bow, and the person of higher status determines when the bow is completed. people of equivalent status are expected to bow at the same depth while starting and finishing at the same time .
阅读自测
Ⅰ. are these statements true or false a ccording to the article ?
1. nowadays the full bow or other dramatic lowering of the body is still widely acceptedaround the world.
2. bowing is prevalent in japan while the situation is quite different in america.
3. it is customary to lean slightly to the left to avoid bumping heads when bowing deeply.
Ⅱ. complete the sentence s with the proper forms of the words given in parentheses :
1. there is a __________( tend) that more and more people will move from cities to the countryside.
2. he __________( repeat) fails to pass the exam.
3. a spirit of hopelessness__________ ( pervasive ) the country.
4. he is such a chauvinist that he expects his wife to be meek and __________( submit).
5. the government has__________ ( initial) a new house-building program.
参考答案解析
Ⅰ. 1. f 2. t 3 . f
Ⅱ. 1. tendency 2. repeatedly 3 . pervaded 4 . submissive 5. initiated
参考译文
鞠躬的艺术
文明不一样, 鞠躬或哈腰的角度也大不相反。在今天的很多文明里, 深深鞠一躬或大幅度哈腰凡是只要在正式场所中才会出现, 好比向国家元首或君主请安。举例来讲, 英国布衣站在女王眼前或被王室加封为爵士时应该鞠躬, 或行屈膝礼, 抑或屈膝下跪。在一些宗教典礼里, 基 督教徒会下跪, 上帝教徒会行屈膝礼, 而穆斯林则会膜拜叩首, 即将身体曲折到极限, 直到前额贴地为止。作为一种天下性的文明局面, 近几十年运用鞠躬这类礼仪的人却愈来愈少, 但鞠躬却在德国文明中保存下来, 在古代日本社会更是大为风行, 在那边鞠躬已成为一样平常社会来往不行短少的一部分。但是, 在美国, 鞠躬或任何一种谦和的身体姿态都让美国人极端恶感, 由于这些举动常常象征着不必要的繁文缛节、贵族习惯, 以及对公平主义的一种非言语性否认。现今, 没有哪个社会像日本社会同样, 鞠躬在人际来往流程中云云关键。为了表现鞠躬在现今日本社会积重难返的水平, 一些专家指出,“ 在日本百货市肆里, 一些女雇员的工作便是在市肆的主动扶梯边向主顾鞠躬, 并且有很多日自己会向电话线另外一端看不见的人 一直地鞠躬。”鞠躬是两个日自己来往的劈头, 在随后的对话里鞠躬还起到火上浇油和如虎添翼的感化, 它还被用来暗示对话的完成。虽然东方人大抵明确鞠躬所包括的意义, 但在日本, 恰如其分的鞠躬黑白常繁杂、很难掌握的流程。相互鞠躬重要是由社会品级决议的。现实上, 咱们可以通过两自己个人鞠躬的幅度来判别他们绝对的社会地位( 鞠躬幅度越大,社会地位就越低) 。当两自己个人相互深鞠一躬的时候, 遵循通例他们会把头轻轻斜向左边, 以免遇到对方的脑壳。两自己个人中社会地位低的谁人人应该首先启动鞠躬, 而地位高的人决议鞠躬完成的时间。地位相反的人相互鞠躬的时候, 鞠躬的幅度相反, 而且同时启动, 同时完成。
【篇三】2020年上半年英语六级阅读精华精辟3篇
The palm-forward“V”sign, formed by raising and spreading the first two fingers1 ,has three different meanings in American culture.The most popular meaning of the“V”sign was invented in 1941 by a Belgian, Victor De Lavalaye. Wanting a symbol for resistance to the Nazi2 occupation, he came up with the single letter“V”, which stood not only for his own first name3, but also for English victory, Flemish virijheid, and French victoire. The symbolism of the sign spread very quickly, and Winston Churchill4 used it constantly in public appearance. Thus throughout the 1940 s and 1950 s, the gesture meant simply“victory”.The second meaning came in the 1960 s. Because of its military implication, Americanantiwar protestors used the sign sarcastically against the arms, so that it became known as the“ peace sign”. In the 1970s, the“V”sign , which had lost its military implication, was a co妹妹on greeting among freedom lovers, acid heads5, political radicals, and ultimately, young people in general. So by about the middle of the 1970s, it ceased to give clue to the user’s philosophy. The third meaning is the oldest and least co妹妹on. American children jokingly put “V”, which resembles“ horns”, behind friends’heads in group snapshots. The are unknowingly reproducing something that southern Europeans would find highly offensive. This mischief, called“horns of the Devil”, is a variant of the European“ horns”gesture, which is obscene. Here the“V”sign means“Your wife has been cheating on you ”or, when placed behind another’s head,“His wife has been cheating on him”. In the United States, the gesture is typically given with the palm facing the viewer. The British use both this version and an older, palm-backward version; the latter is obscene in American culture, and corresponds to the American“ finger”6 . Churchill got some surprised stares in 1941 when, evidently unaware of the vulgar usage, he gave the palm-backward“V”to British troops. In England today you could have to be a social hermit not to understand the distinction. Astonishingly, however, Margaret Thatcher7 repeated Churchill’s error after her victory in the 1979 election.
阅读自测
Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks with proper words :
American children______________________ ( 开顽笑地) put“V”, which______________________ ( 相似)“ horns”,
behind friends’heads in group ______________________( 快照) . They are______________________ ( 有意中地) reproducing
something that southern Europeans would find highly______________________ ( 无礼的) .
This mischief, called“ horns of the Devil”, is a ______________________( 变体) of the European
“ horns”gesture, which is______________________ ( 淫秽的) .
Ⅱ. Exp lain the fo llowing phras es in bold typ e in yo ur own words :
1. If you kee p yo ur fin ge rs crossed , you ______________________.
2. If you are all fin ge rs a nd thumbs , you ______________________ .
3. If you ha ve a finger in every pie , you______________________ .
4. If you thumb a lift, you______________________.
参考答案解析
1. jokingly / resembles / snapshots / unknowingly / offensive / variant / obscene
2. 1. hope that something will happen the way you want2. are clumsy or awkward with your hands
3. are involved in everything that is happening
4. try to get a free ride in a motor vehicle ; hitchhike
参考译文
手势 “V”
掌 心向外, 竖起食指和中指, 并向双方展开, 如此就组成了一个V 形手势。V 形手势在美国文明中有三个不一样的含义。V 形手势为遍及的一个意义是在1941 年由比利时人维克托· 德· 拉维雷缔造创造的。他伸出双指, 作出字母V 的手势来透露他对纳粹霸占比利时的对抗。这个V 不只代表他的名字, 并且还意味英语victory ( 胜利) 、佛兰芒语virijheid ( 胜利) 和法语victoire ( 胜利) 这三个单词。这一手势的意味意思疾速地流传开来, 温斯顿· 邱吉尔在公众场所就曾屡次运用。所以, 在20 世纪40 年月和50 年月, 这个手势只是透露“ 胜利”的意义。V 形手势的第二个意义出目前20 世纪60 年月。因为这个手势含有军事方面的意义,美国反战者就讥笑性地用这个手势来反对和平, 因而, 这个手势启动被称为“ 宁静的标记”。20 世纪70 年月, V 形手势丢失了军事方面的含义, 成为酷爱自在的人、嗜用迷幻 药的人、政治保守主义者们晤面问候经常用的手势, 并终极在各位年老人撒播开来。也便是说, 约莫到20 世纪70 年月中期, 这个手势就不能再透露运用者的人生观了。V 形手势的第三个意义为陈旧, 也少为人用。在团体拍照的时候, 美国孩子常开玩。笑 地在小伙伴的脑壳后面摆脱手势V, 模样就像植物的角同样。他们有意中做出了一个被南欧人视为相称无礼的行动。这类被称作“ 妖怪之角”的开玩笑是欧洲“ 角形”手势的变体,这类手势被以为具备淫秽的象征。在南欧, 手势V 透露“ 你的妻子对你不忠”。在他人脑壳后面做出这类手势, 犹如在说“ 他的妻子对他不忠”。
在美国, 人们凡是将掌心向外, 面向对方做出这个手势; 而英国人偶然将掌心对着他人, 偶然则像后人那样, 掌心向内。掌心向内的V 形手势在美国文明里被当作是下游行动, 与美国人竖起中指同样具备淫秽的含义。1941 年, 邱吉尔掌心朝内, 向英国 军队摆出了V 形手势。一些兵士受惊地盯着他看, 明显他对这个手势的下游含义还全然不知。现在, 在英国, 若是你还不了解掌心向内和向外的差异的话, 你必定是个不问世事的蓬菖人。但是, 使人诧异的是, 玛格丽特· 撒切尔在博得1979 年的推举以后, 又重蹈邱吉尔的复辙, 做了一个掌心向内的V 形手势。
阅读导评
现现在, V 形手势已仿佛成为一种盛行时尚, 顺手掀开杂志, 翻开电视, 就会有没有数个V 形手势直扑眼球。不管是社会名流, 照旧布衣黎民, 都非分特别喜爱这个已撒播泰半个世纪的V 形手势。但是咱们可不要胡乱运用, 虽然手心手背都是肉, 但是手掌一不当心反转过去, 就会招致百分之一百的比方义, 结果常常适得其反。因此古代人照旧当心用之为宜, 不要像邱吉尔和撒切尔夫人同样, 给众人一个笑柄。
阅读导释
1. 这里指中指( middle finger) 和食指( forefinger 或index finger) 。其他三个指头划分是小指 ( little finger, 也称pinkie) 、知名指( ring finger) 和拇指( thumb) 。
2. Nazi adj. 纳粹的。纳粹是德国国家社会主义工人党的简称, 建立于1919 年。该党在希特勒的指挥下, 对德国进行了十余年的法西斯统治, 对邻国发起了大范围的军事侵犯, 并对犹太人实施种族灭尽政策。
3. 名, 又称given name, 本文里指Victor。西欧人的姓是family name 或last name。有些西欧人的姓与名之间另外还有名, 被称为middle name, 有的人还运用别号或假名( alias) 。
4. 温斯顿·邱吉尔( 1874—1965) , 英国守旧党政治家、作家, 曾两度担当英国宰衡。第二次天下大战期间他指挥英国人民对德作战, 为争取天下反法西斯和平的胜利做出了不行消逝的孝敬。他著有《二战回想录》( Memoirs of the Second World War) 、《英语民族史》( A History of the English Speaking Peoples) 等书, 于1953 年获诺贝尔文学奖。邱吉尔暮年倾慕于绘画, 并于1948 年中选为英国皇家艺术院特殊会员。
5. 嗜用迷幻 药者。在美国鄙谚中, acid 指“ 迷幻 药”, head 则有“ 麻醉 药品吸食者”的意义。
6. 与美国人竖起中指同样具备淫秽的含义。该句中的finger 指的是中指, 美国鄙谚里有give sb. the finger 这个短语, 意为“向或人伸出中指”, 有“ 凌辱他人或淫秽”的意义, 而掌心向内的V 形手势在美国文明里有着跟“伸出中指”类似的含义。
7. 玛格丽特·撒切尔, 1925 年生于一个小贩子家庭, 1979 年初次中选为英国宰衡, 直到1990 年离任。因其政治手腕倔强, 故被众人誉为“ 女强人”。她在任时对英国的政治和经济影响庞大, 使英国的20 世纪80 年月被称为“ 撒切尔时代”。