组成：主语+助动词have, has+已往分词
用法：
2) 暗示已往产生的和此刻有某种接洽的行动，常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用
I have just had lunch. (饱了，不消再吃了)
He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不消再喝)
They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)
The boy has already read the book. (已经知道书的内容了，不消再看了)
3) 询问别人是否做过某事一般用此刻完成时：
Have you finished your homework?
Have you been to Beijing?
Have he seen the film?
4) 暗示开始于已往并一连到此刻的行动
I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.
I have worked for this school for 1 year.
5) 暗示一种经验，履历：去过…处所，做过…工作，经验过…工作
I have never had a bath.
I have never seen a film.
I have never been to cinema.
I have ever been to Paris.
Have been to暗示去过，have gone to 暗示去了
I have been to London.(人已经返来)
He has gone to London.(人还在哪里)
6) 暗示一种功效， 一般反面时间副词联用
I have lost my pen.
I have hurt myself.
He has become a teacher.
She has broken my heart.
句型变革：
变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否认句在助动词后头加not.
e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.
必定答复及否认答复
Yes, I have. No, I have not.
非凡疑问句：
What have you done?
What has he done?
一般已往时与此刻完成时的区别：
每每有明晰的暗示已往的时间状语的句子为已往时
留意：有些动词暗示的行动有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和暗示一段时间状语连用
错：I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.
对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.
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