2020英语专八翻译常见三大类错误
常见错误一:词汇错误
1.词的理解偏差
2.词的上下搭配
词汇错误1 :词义理解偏差 (大自然的)恩赐: presents 人,人们: human beings,men 种植(庄稼和葡萄):plant crops and grapes 栽(花): plant flowers 锄草:get rid of grass 温馨家园: warm houses, warm residences,warm family 词汇错误2:词的上下搭配错误 喂牛和挤奶: 牛:cattle(牛,总称);bull(公牛);cow(母牛);calf(牛犊);ox(牛,统称;或公牛);bullock(阉牛);buffalo(水牛) 错译:feed bulls and milk cow(喂公牛和挤母牛的奶);feed oxen and milk them;feed bulls for milk
改译:使用及物动词,feed cattle and milk cows, feed cows and milk them, feed and milk cows, feed cows for milk;使用不及物动词,feed cattle and milk, feed cows and milk 词汇错误2:词的上下搭配错误 酿酒和饮酒: 酒:alcohol, wine, liquor, spirits, beer, whisky 错译:brew wine and drink alcohol, brew spirits and drink wine, brew wine and drink beer 改译:使用使用及物动词,brew and drink wine;使用不及物动词,brew and drink
词汇错误2:词的上下搭配错误
一致并深深地依赖: depend deeply and unanimously,depend deeply and identically 种植(庄稼和葡萄): raise crops and grapes 栽(花): raise flowers 锄草: get rid of grass 温馨家园: warm family
常见错误二:词语顺序错误
无论贫富: poor and rich,whether we are poor or not 跳舞和唱歌:dance and sing
常见错误三:语篇错误
1.逐字翻译,画蛇添足 2.重复不当,不合习惯 3.断句不当,割裂语篇
语篇错误1:逐字翻译,画蛇添足
例 1、在 周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌。 原译 :On weekends they go to church to pray and do religious services; in holiday they go to the square to play musical instruments, dance and sing. 改 泽 :On weekends they go to church,and on holidays they enjoy playing music while singing and dancing in open squares
语篇错误1:逐字翻译,画蛇添足
例 2、往 日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。 原 译 : Those fields in the past/ of yesterday are still cozy homelands at present/ nowadays/ of today.
改 译 ::Thus their olden homelands remain as sweet as ever„
语篇错误2:重复不当,不合习惯
例 、所以人们对于大自然,全部一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间, 上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。 原 译 :S o people all deeply depend on nature. Especially in the countryside, people keep the unchangeable way of lives for thousands of years. 改译 :That accounts for their deep-rooted attachment to her, especially in the country where their ways of life have been kept intact for thousands of years.
语篇错误3:断句不当,割裂语篇
例 3、大自然对人的恩赐, 无论贫富, 一律平等。 原译一 :Nature always distributes its resources to human beings. And every man gets equally from it.
原译二 : The gifts bestowed by nature are equally distributed among mankind. No matter one is rich or poor, he receives the same from nature.
改译 : All people are blessed by nature,rich and poor alike.
语篇错误:断句不当,割裂语篇
例 9、尤 其是在乡间,上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。 原 译 一 :Especially in the countryside, people's living patterns haven't changed for a thousand years, and people there still live in the same life style.
原 译 二 :This was especially true in the country. There people have been living in an unchanged way for a thousand years
改 译 :(That accounts for their deep-rooted attachment to her, especially in the country where their ways of life have been kept intact for thousands of years.
结论2 在断句方面,学生往往容易犯两种错误:一是死扣原文,把所的句号都译成句号,把所有的逗号都译成逗号,忽视了汉、英标点用法的差异;二是随心所欲,在凡是感到不方便的地方都用句号断开,重起一句。两种情况都容易造成全文信息结构的混乱,令人不知所云。
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