2021考研英语备考：翻译题型难点答案解析
【文章简介】翻译题型应该是全部复习流程中的一浩劫点，这是因为英汉两种言语自己的差别以及东西文明的差别形成的，每一年都有相称一部分同学苦楚英语翻译应该怎样复习，下面华宇考试网为各位整理了2021考研英语翻译难点答案解析，但愿能在备考的时候帮助各位。
主动语态翻译法
1) 变成汉语的自动形式。
Eg:
It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.这类说法从一启动就将评论辩论引向两个极度，它令人们以为应该如此看待植物：要末像看待人类本身同样关怀体贴，要末完全淡漠有情。
2) 译成具备主动意思的汉语构造。
Eg:
For all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.虽然计算机可以提供那么多的帮助，它却不该该被看做是基本的头脑和推理技巧的替换物。
Eg:
How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.这些?将在多大水平上为厥后的体现所证明取决于所用信息的数目、牢靠水平、相宜水平以及用来诠释这些信息的技巧与才干。
3) 添加“人们”、“各位”等得当的词做汉语译文的主语。
Eg:
And it is imagined by many that the operations of the co妹妹on mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.很多人以为普通人的头脑运动根本没法和科学家的头脑流程想对比，他们并以为这些头脑流程须经由某中特地锻炼才可以把握。
Eg:
During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study.在这类变化中，历史学家研究历史时，那些诠释新史料的新要领充实了传统的历史研究要领。
分译法
英语长句子对比多，汉语句子绝对而言对比短。在翻译时可以改动原文构造，把原文的某个身分从本来的构造平分离出来，译成一个自力身分、从句或并列分句。
Eg: It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.这个时势对国内安满是个要挟，如此的说法是完全正确的。
合译法
和分译法不一样，合译法是将不一样的句子身分组合在一同，使其更符合汉语的表达要领。Eg:
Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.他们说科学的发展与其说源于天赋巨人的真知灼识，不如说源于革新了的技术和工具等等更加遍及的东西。(将英语的一个句子构造翻译成一个词组)
Eg:
When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.这类反映其实不错，这是人类用品德看法进行推理的天性在起感化。这类天性应获得勉励，而不是受到讽刺。(When that happens, it is not a mistake本来是两个句子，目前组合成一个简练的汉语句子。)
顺序变动修改法
一般来讲，翻译时应该遵循句子本来的顺序进行，但因为英汉两种言语中定语、状语和一些其他身分的地位不完全相反，翻译时需要做必定的变动修改(比方采取倒译法)，使其更符合汉语的习气。
Eg:
The true measure of the danger is represented by the hazards we will encounter if we enter the new age of technology without first evaluating our responsibility to environment.若是咱们进入了技术新时代而不首先估价咱们对环境所负的责任，咱们将碰到公害，这些公害将讲明风险真正到达了什么水平。
Eg:
That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.这类理论的关键是，咱们的环境同咱们的才可以、性情特点和行为纵然有什么干系的话，也是微乎其微的。(本来的谓语，在译文中酿成了在前的主语。)
反译法
一个问题偶然可以从不一样的角度来诠释证明。有些句子英语是从侧面说的，汉语可以从背面来诠释。
1)否认译成一定。
Eg:
I never passed the theatre but I thought of his last performance.每次经由那家剧场，我都会想起他的后一次上演。
Eg:
Hardly a month goes by without word of another survey revealing new depths of scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens.美国公民科盲日趋严峻，这类观察申报险些月月都有。(两重否认)
2)一定译成否认。
Eg:
Everyone has the right to be free from hunger.人人有不受饿的权力。
Eg:
This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.这类逆境将是明确无疑的，[泉源：考研加油绽]由于动力的匮乏使农业没法以高能量耗费、投入多数农夫便可能取得高产的美国耕作方法继续上来了。
Eg:
The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.把标准化测试作为鞭挞目标是过错的，由于在鞭挞这种测试时，品评者不思量其弊端来自人们对测试不甚了解或运用不妥。
几种特别否认句式的翻译法
“no more…than翻译成汉语“和……同样不”
Eg:
The heart is no more intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.脏和胃同样无法头脑，都受大脑支配。
Eg:
There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, any more than they can limit how much water you drink.他们没有来由限制你吃多少维生素，就犹如他们无法限制你喝多少水同样。
“not so much …as”翻译成“与其说……，不如说……”
Eg:
It was not so much the many blows he received as the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game.与其说他输了角逐是屡次被击中，不如说是考生自己缺少斗志。
Eg:
There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.所谓要领论是指一般的历史研究中的特有观点，照旧指历史研究中各个详细范畴运用的研究手腕，人们对此定见纷歧。
Eg:
He is the last person I want to see in the world.他是这个天下上我不肯定见到的人。
定语从句翻译法
1)合译法:把定语从句放在被润色的词语以前，从而将英语复合句翻译成汉语单句。
Eg:
Congress made public a survey of human rights in 105 countries that receive U.S. aid.国会宣布了对于承受美国救济的105个国家的人权情形观察申报。
2)分译法:根据定语从句的不一样情形，咱们可以将其翻译成并列分句、别的从句或自力句等。
Eg:
Anyone who stops absorbing new knowledge is certain to lag behind.任何人若是制止吸收新知识，就一定会落伍。(译为条件状语从句)
The strike would prevent the docking of ocean steamships which require assistance of tugboats.歇工会使近海航船无法泊岸，由于他们需要拖船的帮助。(译成缘故原由状语从句)
A geological prospecting engineer who had made a spectral analysis of ores discovered a new open-cut coalmine.一名地质勘察工程师对光谱进行了分析以后,发现了新的露天煤矿。(译为时间状语构造)
The delivery of public services has tended to be an area where we decorate an obsolete process with technology.大众服务的提供方法已趋陈腐，这恰是咱们须采取技术加以配备的范畴。(译为并列分句)
We now live in a very new economy, a service economy, where relationships are becoming more important than physical products.目前咱们正生活于一种全新的经济，即服务性经济中，种种干系愈来愈比物资产物更加关键。(译为并列分句)
主语从句翻译法
1)以that, what, who, where, whatever等代词指导的主语从句，可以将从句翻译成“的”字构造。
Eg:It is important that science and technology be pushed forward as quickly as possible.关键的是要把科学技术搞下来。
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.通常犯罪的人都要遭到法律的制裁。(主语从句与主句合译成简单句，按顺序译出)
2)也能够译成“主-谓-宾”构造,从句自己做句子的主语，其余部分按原文顺序译出。
Eg:
Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.国家事实因此就义对技术的经费投入来增添对纯理论科学的经费投入，照旧相同，这常常取决于把哪一方看做是驱动的气力。
3)分译法:把本来的状语从句从整体构造平分离出来,译成另外一个绝对自力得单句。
Eg:
It has been rightly stated that this situation is a threat to international security.这个时势对国内安满是个要挟，如此的说法是完全正确的。(It是形式主语，that this situation is a threat to international security是真实的宾语)