2021年上半年大学英语四级阅读明白练习和精析
【文章简介】不做“语言的伟人，准备的矮子”。说再多的美丽话，也不如做一件实着实在的美丽事，准备长期是迈向完成的第一步，想长期只会在原地踏步。对于考试而言亦是云云，天天前进一点点，基础牢固一点点，通过考试就会更易一点点。以下为“2021年上半年大学英语四级阅读明白练习及精析”，接待阅读参考！更多有关讯息请关注华宇考试网！
【篇一】2021年上半年大学英语四级阅读明白练习及精析
Professor Smith recently persuaded 35 people, 23 of them women, to keep a diary of all their absent-mindedactions for a fortnight. When he came to analyse their embarrassing lapses(过失)in a scientific report, hewas surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groupings, Nordid the lapses appear to be entirely random(随机的).
One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. "the explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer," explains the professor. "People progra妹妹e themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. But somehow the action got reversed in the progra妹妹e," About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these "progra妹妹e assembly failures,"
Altogether the volunteers logged 433 unintentional actions that they found themselves doing---an average of twelve each, There appear to be peak periods in the day when we are at our zaniest(谬妄好笑的).These aretwo hours some time between eight a.m. and noon, between four and six p.m. with a smaller peak between eight and ten p.m."Among men the peak seems to be when a changeover in brain’ progra妹妹es’ occurs, as for instance between going to and from work." Women on average reported slightly more lapses----- 12.5 compared with 10.9 for men m probably because they were more reliable reporters.
A startling finding of the research is that the absent-minded activity is a hazard of doing things in which we are skilled. Normally, you would expect that skill reduces the number of errors we make. But trying to avoid silly slips by concentrating more could make things a lot worse m even dangerous.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. In his study Professor Smith asked the subjects ________
A. to keep track of people who tend too forget things
B. to report their embarrassing lapses at random
C. to analyse their awkward experiences scientifically
D. to keep a record of what they did unintentionally
2. Professor Smith discovered that ________
A. certain patterns can be identified in the recorded incidents
B. many people were too embarrassed to admit their absent-mindedness
C. men tend to be more absent-minded than women
D. absent-mindedness is an excusable human weakness
3. "Progra妹妹e assembly failures" (Line 6, Para. 2) refers to the phenomenon that people ______
A. often fail to progra妹妹e their routines beforehand
B. tend to make mistakes when they are in a hurry
C. unconsciously change the sequence of doing things
D. are likely to mess things up if they are too tired
4. We learn from the third paragraph that _______
A. absent-mindedness tends to occur during certain hours of the day
B. women are very careful to perform actions during peak periods
C. women experience more peak periods of absent-mindedness
D. men’s absent-mindedness often results in funny situations
5.It can be concluded from the passage that _____
A. people should avoid doing important things during peak periods of lapses
B. hazards can be avoided when people do things they are good at
C. people should be careful when progra妹妹ing their actions
D. lapses cannot always be attributed to lack of concentration
参考答案解析
1.[D] 现实细节题。本文第1句中的to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions便是指to keep a record of what they did unintentionally,题目中的subjects指尝试对象，被测试者。
2.[A] 现实细节题。根据第2句中nearly all of them fell into a few groupings可以找到本题答案解析，题目中的discover是该句中find的同义词,A的patterns与原文中的groupings意思相反。
3.[C] 语义题。根据第2段后两句提到,但是不知怎样的这类行为在方式中倒置了。这些被测试者申报的事务中二十个中有一个属于这类“流水线方式过错”。C的unconsciously与somehow对应,change the sequence of doing things与the action got reversed对应，故本题选C。
4.[A] 现实细节题。根据第3段的第二、3句“一天当中仿佛存在一些人们易犯谬妄好笑过错的岑岭时段”,以后到举了几个岑岭时间，可知A与之相符。
5.[D] 推理判别题。根据文章后两句“一般来讲，咱们会觉得技术纯熟可以淘汰过错。但是为了不出现愚笨的失误而越发专一，只会把事情弄得更蹩脚，乃至会招致风险。”可知D“过失其实不老是注重力不集中招致的” 正确。
【篇二】2021年上半年大学英语四级阅读明白练习及精析
Taste is such a subjective matter that we don't usually conduct preference tests for food. The most you can say about anyone's preference, is that it's one person's opinion. But because the two big cola(可乐) companies Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed aggressively, we've wondered how big a role taste preference actually plays in brand loyalty. We set up a taste test that challenged people who identified themselves as either C0ca-Cola or Pepsi fans: Find your brand in a blind tasting.
We invited staff volunteers who had a strong liking for either Coca-Cola Classic (传统型)or Pepsi, Diet (低糖的)Coke, or Diet Pepsi-These were people who thought they'd have no trouble telling their brand from the other brand. We eventually located 19 regular cola drinkers and 27 diet cola drinkers.
We eventually located 19regular cola drinkers and 27diet cola drinkers. Then we fed them four unidentifiedsamples of cola one at a time, regular colas for the one group, diet versions for the other. We asked themto tell us whether each sample was Coke or Pepsi; then we analyzed the records statistically to compare the participants 'choices with what mere gum-work would have accomplished.
Getting all four samples right was a tough test, but not too tough, we thought, for people who believed they could recognize their brand. In the end, only 7out of19regular cola drinkers correctly identified theirbrand of choice in all four trials. The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse -only 7of27identified all four samples correctly.
While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more times. Two people got all four samples wrong. Overall, half the participants did about as well on the last round of tasting as on the first, so fatigue, or taste burn out, was not a factor. Our preference test results suggest that only a few Pepsi participants and Coke fans may really be able to tell their favorite brand by taste and price.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1. According to the passage the preference test was conducted in order to _____.
A. find out the role taste preference plays in a person's drinking
B. reveal which cola is more to the liking of the drinkers
C. show that a person's opinion about taste is mere guess-work
D. compare the ability of the participants in choosing their drinks
2. The statistics recorded in the preference tests show _____.
A. Coca-Cola and Pepsi are people's two most favorite drinks
B. there is not much difference in taste between Coca-Cola and Pepsi
C. few people had trouble telling Coca-Cola from Pepsi
D. people's tastes differ from one another
3. It is implied in the first paragraph that _____.
A. the purpose of taste tests b to promote the sale of colas
B. the improvement of quality is the chief concern of the two cola companies
C. the competition between the two colas is very strong
D. blind tasting is necessary for identifying fans
4. The word "burnout"(Line4,Para.5) here refers to the state of _____.
A. being seriously burnt in the skin
B. being unable to burn for lack of fuel
C. being badly damaged by fire
D. being unable to function because of excessive use
5. The author's purpose in writing this passage is to _____.
A. show that taste preference is highly subjective
B. argue that taste testing is an important marketing strategy
C. emphasize that taste and price are closely related to each other
D. reco妹妹end that blind tasting be introduced in the quality control of colas
参考答案解析
1.[A] 第1段第3句提到，因为两大可乐公司的营销云云具备打击性，咱们不禁想了解对滋味的偏偏幸亏品牌忠实度上起多大的感化，A与之相符。
2.[B] 第4段第二、3句讲明适口可乐和百事可乐在滋味方面并没有多大差别，B与之相符。A、D不是尝试数据所讲明的事情，故清除;C与原文的意义不相符，也清除。
3.[C] 由第1段第3句中Coca Cola and Pepsi Cola are marketed so aggressively可知两至公司合作极其猛烈，故选C。
4.[D] 文章后一段第3句中，fatigue与taste bum out之间用or连接，讲明二者语义对比靠近，比照四个选项，D符合，透露味觉疲惫、麻痹。
5.[A] 文章第1句Taste is such... food讲明味觉偏偏好是非常主观的，且下文讲到的尝试结果也更进一步印证了该看法，故选A。
【篇三】2021年上半年大学英语四级阅读明白练习及精析
Violin prodigies (神童), I learned, have come indistinct waves from distinct regions. Most of thegreat performers if the late 19th and early 20thcenturies were born and brought up in Russia andEastern Europe.I asked Isaac Stern, one of theworld’s greatest violinists the reason for thisphenomenon. It is very clear, he told me. Theywere all Jews(犹太人) and Jews at the time wereseverely oppressed and ill treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into theprofessional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage. As aresult, every Jewish parent’s dream was to have a child in the music school because it was apassport to the West.
Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellencein a certain field to nurture (培养) talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to bein the Far East. “In Japan, a most competitive society, with stronger discipline than ours. ”says Isaac Stem, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, includingmusic. When Western music came to Japan after World WarⅡ, that music not only became partof their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese as we know,are just as highly motivated as the Japanese.
That’s a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work,biologicalinheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, wasthe top of several generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers inmusic.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school
because ______ .
A. it would allow them access to a better life in the West
B. Jewish children are born with excellent musical talent
C. they wanted their children to enter into the professional field
D. it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country
2.Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to societies that ______ .
A. enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellence
B. treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full development
C. encourage people to compete with each other
D. promise talented children high positions
3.Japan is described in the passage as a country that attaches importance to ______ .
A. all-round development.
B. the learning of Western music
C. strict training of children
D. variety in academic studies
4.Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according
to the passage?
A. A natural gift.
B. Extensive knowledge of music.
C. Very early training.
D. A prejudice-free society.
5.Which of the following titles best su妹妹arizes the main idea of the passage?
A. Jewish Contribution to Music.
B. Training of Musicians in the World
C. Music and Society
D. The Making of Prodigies
参考答案解析
1.[A] 原文首段后一句提到，全部犹太人怙恃的胡想便是让孩子上音乐学校，由because指导的从句诠释了缘故原由，即由于这是通往东方天下的通行证。A项为原文的同义改写，故选A。B、D在文中没有说起，原文中说进入professional field是不被容许的,故C不符合。
2.[B] nurturing societies出目前文中第2段第2句，很明显nurturing society指的是前一句说的“重点关注在某一特定范畴中的优良体现，能造就才可以的社会”,B与原文相符。
3.[C] 日本在文中作为典范的nurturing society的例子，以后提到日本社会竟争猛烈，重视规范和纪律，联合这两点可知，C正确。
4.[A] 后一段第2句提到，遗传在天赋的发生上也起很关键的感化，即先天，故选A。其他三项在文中并未说起。
5.[D] 本文中，prodigies是一个重要词，四个选项中只要D包括了这一重要词。其他三个选项都只是文中的局部信息，不是文章宗旨，均清除。